Which strategy is most effective for maintaining student attention during large-group discussions?

Addressing questions to the whole class and calling randomly is an effective strategy for maintaining student attention during large-group discussions because it actively engages all students, rather than just the ones who choose to volunteer or those who are called in a set order. This approach fosters a sense of shared responsibility among students, as they know they could be called upon to contribute at any moment. It also encourages them to stay alert and think critically about the discussion, promoting a dynamic atmosphere where everyone is more likely to participate.

Additionally, this method minimizes the risk of disengagement that can occur when only a few students dominate the conversation, while others may tune out. By employing randomness in calling on students, the teacher can create an inclusive environment that values each student's input, increasing their attentiveness and investment in the discussion.